Enunmah | TTB | ES
| Context Title: | Enunmah | TTB | ES |
| Context Name (Excavation): | TTB; TTB.W; TTB.ES; TTB.SS; ES |
| Context Name (Publication): | E-nun-mah |
| Context Description: | That its foundation goes back behind the Third Dynasty of Ur is certain, for fragments of walls and pavements in pIano-convex brick (PI. 30a) prove the fact, but of the character of that original structure nothing can be said. Ur-Nammu was responsible for the temple in its existing form; he built it in mud brick, or at any rate made much use of that material, and his work was added to and probably completed by his son Dungi. Bur-Sin replaced with burnt brick the mud-brick walls of his grandfather and Gimil-Sin added further details. The temple was completely overthrown by the Elamites on the occasion of the downfall of Ibi-Sin and under the Isin Dynasty was rebuilt by Gimil-ilishu, who faithfully followed the lines of the Third Dynasty ground-plan. Ishme-Dagan, Nur-Adad, and Sin-idinnam all in turn undertook repairs of its structure and Kudur-Mabug seems to have done some more radical restoration, but his building was destroyed by the Babylonians in the time of Samsu-iluna. It was probably restored after a fashion not much later, but the first actual record of its re-establishment is that of Kuri-Galzu; the Kassite ruler still kept to the original plan, but added a few new features. His building was repaired, without any noticeable alterations, by Marduk-nadin-ahhe in the 11th century B.C. Nebuchadnezzar was the first to tamper seriously with the ancient ground-plan; his reconstruction involved a complete change of character corresponding to a change of ritual in the temple services, and in the temple as he left it the old E-nun-mah is barely recognisable. Nabonidus repaired but does not seem to have modified his predecessor's work. Finally we find, above the Nabonidus level, remains of a further reconstruction which we can attribute only to Cyrus of Persia.1 |
| Context Description: | The building was an almost exact square measuring some 57.00 m. in either direction; its angles were, as usual, orientated to the cardinal points of the compass. It was surrounded by a wall 2.70 m. thick strengthened by double buttresses, of which there were five on each side, and the area thus enclosed was raised to form a platform about 2.00 m. above the level of the ground outside; this wall is fairly well preserved on the NE (v. Pis. 28b., 29b), has suffered a good deal, and is partly masked by subsequent additions in the SE (PI. 29a), could be traced only by its foundations on the SW, where the building has been remodelled, and on the NW it has been completely eradicated by a drain of Nebuchadnezzar. There is a doorway in the SE wall which, however, would seem to have led only into two small chambers having no communication with the rest of the building. In view of the denudation of the walls, which here do not rise above floor level, it is not possible to assert definitely that such communication never existed, but the facts that the wall between rooms 17 and 18 is whereas in almost every other case the doorways can be distinguished even at this level (rooms 8, 9, and 10 are the sole exceptions), and that no hinge-box or doorsocket stone was found here, make the theory of a door hazardous. Probably the real entrance to the building was in the NW front.1 |
| [1] UE6 p.45 |
| Object | U Number | Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) | Museum Number (BM Registration Number) | Museum Number (UPM B-number) | Description (Catalog Card) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 279 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Alabaster fragment of bowl. Beginning of second line of royal inscription. Placed in IN/No. 1. |
| 280 | (none) | 1923,1110.34 | (none) | Fragment of black stone vase. With circular depressions for inlay on side and bottom. The inlay remains in two cases. Four rows decreasing in size on side. Above bottom rim an inscription reading "Dungi, the mighty man, king..." |
| 281 | (none) | 1923,1110.33 | (none) | Fragment of stone vessel. Showing lip and five rows of depressions for inlay. Shaped [drawing of shape]. Inscribed ".....king of Ur." |
| 285 | (none) | 1923,1110.28 | (none) | Fragment of vessel or mace head, white marble. Inscribed in probably early characters with a dedication to En-(lil)? Placed in IN/No. 1 |
| 286 | (none) | 1923,1110.16 | (none) | Fragment of limestone pot, from rim. Traces of long inscription showing long line on right-hand side. Placed in IN/No. 1. |
| 289 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Fragment of black stone vase. Last sign of last line of a dedication. Placed in IN/No. 1. |
| 290 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Bottom right-hand quarter of large closely inscribed tablet of New Babylonian or Persian period containing omens. Includes an important list of gods and their spouses. Begins [Cuneiform] Ends [Cuneiform] Placed in IN/No2 |
| 293 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Gate socket. Limestone. Inscription of Kurigalza, badly damaged. Copied. |
| 295 | (none) | 1923,1110.3 | (none) | Gate socket, Basalt. Inscription on smooth surface, with shoulder below. Records the building of A.A22AG.GA.NI GIG.KISAL[Above] by Bur-Sin I. Copied and transliterated. |
| 296 | (none) | 1923,1110.26 | (none) | Fragment of alabaster vase, rim. Inscription of Dungi, only titles. Placed in IN/No.1 |
| 297 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cone. Nearly complete. Inscription, Ur-Engur, E-temen-ni-il. Duplicate of 201 [presumably U.201]. Placed in IN/No.4 |
| 298 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cone. Bottom. Inscribed, illegible. Placed in IN/No.2 [Crossed out] Thrown out. |
| 300 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay Cone. nearly complete, only the top missing. Inscribed. Ur-Engur, E-temen-ni-il, Duplicate of 201 [presumably U.201] placed in IN/No.4 |
| 301 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cone. Fragment of Inscribed, probably Ur-Engur, duplicate of 201 [Presumably U.201] Scrapped. Placed in IN/No.4. |
| 303 | (none) | 1923,1110.145 | (none) | Ivory carving: A bowl, with knob handles, the rim decorated with zigzags on top and double half-circles on the side, D. 85mm, supported by 2 nude female figures: these have each an arm round the other and with the free hands support the bowl on their heads. Broken into many frgs and restored. Parts of the 2 free arms are missing, otherwise virtually complete. |
| 304 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Limestone relief. Fragment of, In bad condition. Subject: a man kneeling rt and castrating a bull (?): the bull much damaged: to l. part of a fowl (?) on a large scale. Probably Chaldaean period. |
| 307 | (none) | 1923,1110.50 | (none) | Marble relief. Fr showing feathers or hair, possibly one side of a coiffure: certainly intended for inlay: hole in the back for fixing something (a face?) in the center. |
| 308A | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-B] Bronze, molten lumps of:. In B is embedded a broken bronze axe head, clearly part of the kaj [slag?] being melted down. |
| 309 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Fr of statuette. Base and feet only preserved. Steatite, dark There are holes pierced horizontally through the base as if to attach it to something |
| 310 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Agate bowl. Intact. Lathe-turned, the center lathe-hole filled up with a strong peg. Plain rib moulding on outside. Very beautiful stone. |
| 313 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Terracotta relief. Lower part of, From waist down. Draped figure standing front with long fringed skirt, standing on object (?) Arms crossed and hands clearly to breasts. |
| 314 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Ivory comb. Frs of : the top decorated with str lines and zigzags. |
| 315A | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-BD] 56 fragments of tablets from TTB20, account lists. For other tablets from same find see U.316, U.317-U.324, U.341-U.344, U.596. Placed in packing case A |
| 316 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Small inscribed fragments from tablets found in TTB. See U.315. |
| 317 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Tablet nearly complete. Found in T.T.B. 20, see U.315. Dated in the reign of Gungunn "Year when Gungunum the King (brought into the temple) two great emblems." 10th year G.King of Larsa, in sl. Variant form. |
| Media | Media Title | Title | Label | Author | Omeka Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ur Excavations IX; The Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods | Ur Excavations IX; The Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods | 1962 | Woolley, L. and Mallowan, Max | (none) |
| Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period | Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period | 1974 | Woolley, Leonard | (none) |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0003 | GN0003 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0004 | GN0004 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0004a | GN0004a | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0005 | GN0005 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0006 | GN0006 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0007 | GN0007 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0008 | GN0008 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0009 | GN0009 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0010 | GN0010 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0011 | GN0011 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0012 | GN0012 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0013 | GN0013 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0014 | GN0014 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0015 | GN0015 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0018 | GN0018 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0019 | GN0019 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0020 | GN0020 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0021 | GN0021 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0026 | GN0026 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0028 | GN0028 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0029 | GN0029 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0030 | GN0030 | (none) | |
| Field Photographs | Field Photographs | GN0030A | GN0030A | (none) |
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Sibling Locations
AH Site | AH - City Wall | CLW - DP - Dublalmah | LL - EH Site | EH - Ehursag | HT - EM Site | EM - ESB - FH - Giparu | KP - Great Nanna Courtyard | PD - Harbor Temple - House 34/1 - House 34/2 - House Site - Kassite Fort - KPS Site | KPS - LT - LW - Mausoleum Site | BC - Neo-Babylonian Housing | NH - NNCF - NTB - P/103 - Palace of Bel-Shalti-Nannar | AD - Pit F - Royal Cemetery | PG - SM - Temenos Wall | TW - TTC - XNCF - Ziggurat Terrace | ZT
Child Locations
ES - Room 1 - Room 10 | TTB.16 - Room 11 | TTB.16/17/19 - Room 12 | TTB.16/17 - Room 13 | TTB.19 - Room 14 | TTB.20 - Room 15 | TTB.21 - Room 17 - Room 19 - Room 2 - Room 21 - Room 22 | TTB.31 - Room 23 - Room 25 - Room 3 - Room 32 - Room 33 - Room 34 - Room 35 - Room 36 - Room 5 | TTB.10 - Room 6 - Room 7 - Room 8 | TTB.14 - Room 9 | TTB.13 - TTB
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Context
Ur > Enunmah | TTB | ES
References
Woolley, Leonard. (1974) Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period, Oxford: Oxford University Press.