Old Babylonian
The term is used to describe the culture of southern Mesopotamia between approximately 2000 BC-1600 BC.
Description:
The Old Babylonian Period describes southern Mesopotamia where a number of important sates dominated the region, including Isin, Larsa, Eshnuna, and Babylon. The sixth ruler of Babylon, Hamurabi, unified the southern states and expanded his control into north Mesopotamia. After his death, the empire gradually shrank, but remained an important power until it was sacked by the Hittite king Mursili I. During the Old Babylonian period, literary activity flourished with scribes composing and recording religious, poetic, and ‘scientific’ works in Sumerian and Akkadian cuneiform. The state retained the Akkadian language for official use, and the Sumerian language for religious use, but Amorite was the spoken language. The earlier Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in Babylonian culture.
Ultra-Low Chronology: 1798-1499 BCE
Short/Low Chronology: 1830-1531 BCE
Middle Chronology: 1894-1595 BCE
Long/High Chronology: 1950-1651 BCE
Objects: Old Babylonian Export: JSON - XML - CSV
| Object | U Number | Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) | Museum Number (BM Registration Number) | Museum Number (UPM B-number) | Description (Catalog Card) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7833N | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... | |
| 7833P | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... | |
| 7833Q | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... | |
| 7833R | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... | |
 | 7833S | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... |
| 7833T | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-T] Fragments and envelopes containing seal impressions. [not all described] (E,-G) mu-nam-? nu-sag-ma AN; (L-M) RI-IM (^d) Si(n; dumu Warad (^d) Si(n; Lugal arar (^ki)-ma; (R-T) NB: figure of Istar with the arrows ^d Se(?)...; dumu ^d...; Warad ^dAdad... | |
| 7836A | 52-30-89 | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836U | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836C | 52-30-128 | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836F | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836K | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) | |
| 7836M | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836N | 52-30-266 | 1953,0411.54 | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7836Q | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-U] Tablets. Principally contracts. [lettered on card in lower case Greek, transliterated in order written from a-s, skipping j] (A) contract dated to 36th year of Rim-Sin. NB envelope marked alpha goes with this) (B) multiplication table: 4 times. (C) (fragment of envelope in lot U.7837 goes with this?) (D) date: Rim-Sin 55. (E) date apparently (a variety?) of Hammurabi (mu H)a-am-mu-ra-bi; (nu-u)h-ush-ni-shu- mu-un-ba-a(l) (F) _ (G) contract beginning with 18 or more nom. prop. of witnesses. date = ?... (H) Rim-Sin 36. (I) _ [J] [Not assigned] (K) _ (L) _ (M) _ (N) _ (O) _ (P) _ (Q) _ (R) same date as s. (S) same date as r. (T) Rim-Sin 12. (U) others. with omega cf. U.7827p.p.p. HC.59 (seal impressions) (the copies restored from many impressions. When from cover, verification from inner tablet required) |
| 7802C | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802D | (none) | 1953,0411.65 | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802E | (none) | 1953,0411.268 | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802F | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802H | 52-30-180 | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802I | 52-30-192 | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802K | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802L | (none) | 1953,0411.209 | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802M | (none) | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802N | (none) | 1953,0411.216 | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| 7802O | 52-30-239 | (none) | (none) | [A-V] 22 tablets, complete and incomplete. Mostly accounts. HC.48. (A) List of fields. (B) accounts (with new? date) (C) Accounts (gardener's) (D) Accounts (of wood?) (E) Accounts (Payments of silver) (F) List of 9 semantic Proper Names (G) Account of silas of - payed on successorship (H) Account of Silas pays by various patrons[?] (I) Account of ammts received from 2 person on kelens [?] [J is skipped] (K) Payments of -, and proper names (semetic) (L) Delivery [?] of 68 Mas-Gir Goats. |
| Location | Context Title | Context Description | Description (Modern) |
|---|---|---|---|
| House I | Excavation house designation on the southeast side of Straight Street (originally called Division Street as it divided the first excavation house designations I, II, and III). This unit covered published houses No.2 and No. 4 Straight Street. | (none) |
| House II | Excavation house designation on the northwest side of Straight Street (originally called Division Street because it divided the initial excavation units of House I, II, and III). This unit may have initially contained some rooms in No. 3 Straight Street. | (none) |
| House III | Excavation designation for a portion of area AH that was eventually published as No. 1 Church Lane and No. 1 Straight Street. It was also called the Pa-Sag or Hendur-Sag chapel. This space was identified as a neighborhood or wayside chapel at the NW edge of Carfax. | (none) |
| House IV | Excavation designation in area AH mostly covering No. 1 Old Street but likely containing parts of No. 7 Church Lane as well. | (none) |
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Related Terms
Ubaid - Uruk - Jemdat Nasr - Early Dynastic / Sumerian - Akkadian Dynasty - Guti/Post Akkadian - Ur III - Middle Assyrian - Kassite - Neo-Assyrian - Neo-Babylonian - Achaemenid Empire (Persian) - Seleucid - Parthian