Pit F
| Context Title: | Pit F |
| Context Name (Publication): | Flood Pit; Pit F |
| Context Name (Excavation): | PFT; Pit F |
| Context Description: | Pit F stands apart from the Royal Cemetery pits dug in the preceding year, despite its letter 'F' falling inside the sequence of those pits. The sequence of pit letters was assigned after most had been dug, probably in season 8 as confusion arose over pits I and J. Pit F was originally called PFT to distinguish it from pits in the Royal Cemetery area. The suffix T probably stood for Temenos to show that Pit F was dug in the area inside the early temenos wall. The abbreviation became confusing and Legrain reports PF as 'Flood Pit' and PFT as 'Shaft in town area,' but the two designations are actually identical. The term 'Flood Pit' was often used to refer to Pit F because of the deep layers of silt found near its deepest extent. As much as 3 meters thickness of fine water-lain soil was encountered here, evidence of a great flood. In his books and talks for the general public, Woolley often made the equation of this flood with the biblical flood, but in his academic discussions he never did. Instead, here he referred to the frequent flooding of the Euphrates and how this particular flood must have been large and may have spawned Sumerian legends. Pit F was extremely large and extremely deep. Woolley's intent was to reach the earliest occupation of the site. He chose an already low-lying zone neighboring the excavation area EH and laid out a trench 15x25 meters, though in the southern half he only dug 10 meters width, making the final pit L shaped. He truncated the horizontal extent further as he dug down to avoid collapse and he eventually reached a depth of some 19 meters from the surface of the mound. The top of the pit had already been denuded to the Early Dynastic levels and thus late material was typically not found here. From the surface, Woolley found eight levels of early building remains going deeper and deeper. Beneath this he found pottery kilns and a deep layer of over-fired pottery fragments indicating manufacture. Near the bottom of this stratum he began finding Uruk period graves (that he called Jemdat Nasr period graves). He labeled these not with numbers, but with letters in the sequence PFG/A through PFG/XX. Below this he encountered the flood layer with Ubaid period graves cut into it. Beneath the flood layer he found evidence of Ubaid habitation near sea level and what he believed to be indications of the early marshlands in which Ur had originally been a very low mound. |
Files
| Object | U Number | Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) | Museum Number (BM Registration Number) | Museum Number (UPM B-number) | Description (Catalog Card) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 14438 | 31-16-492 | (none) | (none) | Stone roundel. Dark grey slate or schist. Flat below, above a shallow truncated cone: small hole through centre. (chipped at edge). |
| 13746 | 31-16-489 | (none) | (none) | Stone object. Obviously a fragment from a small shallow stone bowl (basic diorite?) rubbed down and pierced with holes. [drawing] |
| 15511 | 31-16-486 | (none) | (none) | Stone palette. A disk of reddish-brown pebble: in the centre a patch of red color (ground powder) of exactly the tint used to paint the face of the figurinee 15398. (chipped, and a piece of the rim missing). |
| 13717 | 31-16-483 | (none) | (none) | Fragment of a small bowl. (Steatite?) Round the side in very low relief is a moulded rope pattern: from this rise imitation loop handles modeled in low relief, the tops of the loops comming to the rim of the bowl. [drawing] | |
| 14925 | 31-16-481 | (none) | (none) | Stone handle. Perhaps for a drill? [Drawing 1:1] Vol IV: PL. 28 (p.31.16.481) PFT E7-910h-950 |
| 15353 | 31-16-479 | (none) | (none) | Mace-Head. White marble, pear-shaped but rather squat. Found by one of the heads which lay close to each other in confusion in square E7 |
| 15587 | 31-16-478 | (none) | (none) | Stone grinder. Grey mottled steatite. [drawing] |
| 13724 | 31-16-476 | (none) | (none) | Stone celt. Black pebble: polished, edge chipped. [drawing 1:1] |
| 14968 | 31-16-474 | (none) | (none) | Celt. Polished. Coarse black stone. [drawing 1:1] |
| 15582 | 31-16-473 | (none) | (none) | Hematite (?) Lump. Found by the head of the body in a TO grave. | |
| 13738 | 31-16-471 | (none) | (none) | Pounder. White limestone. Not in catalog. [drawing] | |
| 13730 | 31-16-470 | (none) | (none) | Pounding-stone or hand hammer. Pebble. A flattened sphere; on one flattened side bruises due to hammering. | |
| 13754 | 31-16-453 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. White limestone. The edges much chipped. ?[Type] RC20a. Jnu. [drawing] |
| 13755 | 31-16-451 | (none) | (none) | Stone Bowl. White limestone (restored from fragments). Jnu. Type X (RC20a) [drawing] |
| 14450 | 31-16-450 | (none) | (none) | Clay pot. Drab clay flared on 1 side to red. Type TO LXXX. Not in catalog. |
| 13757 | 31-16-435 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. White limestone (restored from fragments, but imperfect). JN19. Type XV ? RC22b. [drawing] | |
| 13756 | 31-16-434 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. White limestone (restored from fragments). JN19. Type XV ? RC22b [drawing] | |
| 14975 | 31-16-422 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. White limestone. Flattened hemispherical, no base. [drawing] | |
| 13739 | 31-16-407 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. Grey stone (basic diorite?) . [Type] RC229. [drawing] | |
| 14481 | 31-16-392 | (none) | (none) | Stone vase. Grey marble(?) (translucent) Miniature. (rim all chipped away). Type RC.106 [drawing 1:1] | |
| 13741 | 31-16-376 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. Grey stone (basic diorite?). JN.26 new. [drawing] | |
| 13714 | 31-16-371 | (none) | (none) | Stone bowl. Half of: Rather roughly worked in dark grey steatite. Type rough rimless variant of type RC112. Not in field notes. [drawing] | |
| 14451C | 31-16-347 | (none) | (none) | [B-C] Brick. Jus. (gypsum burnt & slaked) rectangular, flat on top, made in a wooden mould set on a piece of matting, the impression of which remains on the underside of the brick. Though different in size it is identical in technique & fabric with those at Muraijib (14452-3) |
| 15346 | 31-16-344 | (none) | (none) | Clay object. Apparently a rubber, judging by the striations on the flat under surface. [drawing] | |
| 15631 | 31-16-342 | (none) | (none) | Spouted pot. Plain light drab clay (much broken) Type CCCXXVII. aU.47. |
| Media | Media Title | Title | Label | Author | Omeka Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPM Field Photo numbers | UPM Field Photo numbers | (none) | (none) | (none) |
| Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | 1955 | Woolley, L. | (none) |
- 2 Media
Sibling Locations
AH Site | AH - City Wall | CLW - DP - Dublalmah | LL - EH Site | EH - Ehursag | HT - EM Site | EM - Enunmah | TTB | ES - ESB - FH - Giparu | KP - Great Nanna Courtyard | PD - Harbor Temple - House 34/1 - House 34/2 - House Site - Kassite Fort - KPS Site | KPS - LT - LW - Mausoleum Site | BC - Neo-Babylonian Housing | NH - NNCF - NTB - P/103 - Palace of Bel-Shalti-Nannar | AD - Royal Cemetery | PG - SM - Temenos Wall | TW - TTC - XNCF - Ziggurat Terrace | ZT
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Context
Ur > Pit F
References
Woolley, L. . (1955) Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.