Pit F
| Context Title: | Pit F |
| Context Name (Publication): | Flood Pit; Pit F |
| Context Name (Excavation): | PFT; Pit F |
| Context Description: | Pit F stands apart from the Royal Cemetery pits dug in the preceding year, despite its letter 'F' falling inside the sequence of those pits. The sequence of pit letters was assigned after most had been dug, probably in season 8 as confusion arose over pits I and J. Pit F was originally called PFT to distinguish it from pits in the Royal Cemetery area. The suffix T probably stood for Temenos to show that Pit F was dug in the area inside the early temenos wall. The abbreviation became confusing and Legrain reports PF as 'Flood Pit' and PFT as 'Shaft in town area,' but the two designations are actually identical. The term 'Flood Pit' was often used to refer to Pit F because of the deep layers of silt found near its deepest extent. As much as 3 meters thickness of fine water-lain soil was encountered here, evidence of a great flood. In his books and talks for the general public, Woolley often made the equation of this flood with the biblical flood, but in his academic discussions he never did. Instead, here he referred to the frequent flooding of the Euphrates and how this particular flood must have been large and may have spawned Sumerian legends. Pit F was extremely large and extremely deep. Woolley's intent was to reach the earliest occupation of the site. He chose an already low-lying zone neighboring the excavation area EH and laid out a trench 15x25 meters, though in the southern half he only dug 10 meters width, making the final pit L shaped. He truncated the horizontal extent further as he dug down to avoid collapse and he eventually reached a depth of some 19 meters from the surface of the mound. The top of the pit had already been denuded to the Early Dynastic levels and thus late material was typically not found here. From the surface, Woolley found eight levels of early building remains going deeper and deeper. Beneath this he found pottery kilns and a deep layer of over-fired pottery fragments indicating manufacture. Near the bottom of this stratum he began finding Uruk period graves (that he called Jemdat Nasr period graves). He labeled these not with numbers, but with letters in the sequence PFG/A through PFG/XX. Below this he encountered the flood layer with Ubaid period graves cut into it. Beneath the flood layer he found evidence of Ubaid habitation near sea level and what he believed to be indications of the early marshlands in which Ur had originally been a very low mound. |
Files
| Object | U Number | Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) | Museum Number (BM Registration Number) | Museum Number (UPM B-number) | Description (Catalog Card) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15326 | 31-16-947 | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. A goat (?) [drawing] | |
| 15325 | (none) | 1935,0113.63 | (none) | Clay figurine. A pig(?) Crudely modeled by hand. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15324 | 31-16-973 | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. A sheep(?). [drawing 1:1] | |
 | 15506 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. A woman holding a serpent. Very light creamy drab clay. Nude figure: on the head a high bitumen wig: grotesque beak-like face: on the shoulders in front & behind, added pellets to represent cicatrices(?): childs head painted black. Figure restored from fragments (the clay is very soft and brittle) and feet of woman missing. |
| 13720 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Clay burnt black, sheep? [drawing 1:1] |
| 15379 | 31-16-734 | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Female figure, nude, with hands on waist. She wears a high headdress, or high coiffure, originally covered with bitumen: traces remain of black apint in the eyes and of red paint on the cheeks. | |
| 14996 | (none) | 1935,0113.61 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment of (forepart only) of a bull(?). Drab clay with black markings. | |
| 15349 | 31-16-738 | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. Female figure, from waist to ankles. Greenish clay: round waist traces of belt in black paint. [drawing] | |
| 15516 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. Head & body to waist (no arms) of a nude female figure of unusual type: the high wig probably existed but is broken off. [drawing 1:1] |
| 15603 | (none) | 1935,0113.70 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. With traces of paint: nude female figure of normal type but very flatly modeled. Two large tresses of hair at the back . Hands originally planted on sides. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15358 | (none) | 1930,1213.336 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 14995 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Humped bullock. Green clay with black paint. Both horns and one back leg missing. [drawing] |
| 14994 | 31-16-749 | (none) | (none) | Clay Figurine. Humped bullock. Legs & 1 horn missing. Plain reddish drab clay. [drawing] | |
| 15507 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Nude female: very light drab clay: standing,the hands resting on the flanks: on the head a hight bitumen wig and grotesque beak-like face (broken and mended). |
| 14979 | (none) | 1930,1213.333 | (none) | Clay figurine. Sheep. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15398 | 31-16-736 | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. The head only. On the high headress(?) traces of black bands: the face painted bright red. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15612 | (none) | 1930,1213.176 | (none) | Clay figurine. TO painted ware. Fragment. With black paint on greenish drab clay. Fore part of buffalo. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15376 | (none) | 1930,1213.173 | (none) | Clay figurine. TO painted ware. Head missing. Nude female suckling an infant. Dots on the right shoulder & stripes on the left, and she wears a necklace & bracelets & a black girdle. | |
| 15331 | (none) | 1930,1213.175 | (none) | Clay figurine. Torso only: in reddish clay with black paint markings. Nude female. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15399 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay figurine. Upper part only of painted clay, black on pinkish drab. Female figure (from waist up) nude but with marks (Tattooing?) on shoulders. [drawing 1:1] |
| 15566 | (none) | 1930,1213.337 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. In drab clay. Nude female with hands on flanks. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 14434 | (none) | 1930,1213.338 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment; head missing. Reddish clay, modelled. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 13743 | 31-16-217 | (none) | (none) | Clay funnel. Light drab clay. Type RC17. [drawing] | |
| 14449 | (none) | 1930,1213.344 | (none) | Clay funnel? A saucer of drab clay with a large hole in the bottom & two smaller holes close together high up on one side: it is a clay version of a fairly common stone type. [drawing] | |
| 15364 | (none) | 1930,0012.13, 1930,1213.290 | (none) | Clay goblet. Green clay. (flattened at the mouth in firing) Type CCCXLVIII. |
| Media | Media Title | Title | Label | Author | Omeka Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPM Field Photo numbers | UPM Field Photo numbers | (none) | (none) | (none) |
| Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | 1955 | Woolley, L. | (none) |
- 2 Media
Sibling Locations
AH Site | AH - City Wall | CLW - DP - Dublalmah | LL - EH Site | EH - Ehursag | HT - EM Site | EM - Enunmah | TTB | ES - ESB - FH - Giparu | KP - Great Nanna Courtyard | PD - Harbor Temple - House 34/1 - House 34/2 - House Site - Kassite Fort - KPS Site | KPS - LT - LW - Mausoleum Site | BC - Neo-Babylonian Housing | NH - NNCF - NTB - P/103 - Palace of Bel-Shalti-Nannar | AD - Royal Cemetery | PG - SM - Temenos Wall | TW - TTC - XNCF - Ziggurat Terrace | ZT
Share
Context
Ur > Pit F
References
Woolley, L. . (1955) Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.