Pit F
| Context Title: | Pit F |
| Context Name (Publication): | Flood Pit; Pit F |
| Context Name (Excavation): | PFT; Pit F |
| Context Description: | Pit F stands apart from the Royal Cemetery pits dug in the preceding year, despite its letter 'F' falling inside the sequence of those pits. The sequence of pit letters was assigned after most had been dug, probably in season 8 as confusion arose over pits I and J. Pit F was originally called PFT to distinguish it from pits in the Royal Cemetery area. The suffix T probably stood for Temenos to show that Pit F was dug in the area inside the early temenos wall. The abbreviation became confusing and Legrain reports PF as 'Flood Pit' and PFT as 'Shaft in town area,' but the two designations are actually identical. The term 'Flood Pit' was often used to refer to Pit F because of the deep layers of silt found near its deepest extent. As much as 3 meters thickness of fine water-lain soil was encountered here, evidence of a great flood. In his books and talks for the general public, Woolley often made the equation of this flood with the biblical flood, but in his academic discussions he never did. Instead, here he referred to the frequent flooding of the Euphrates and how this particular flood must have been large and may have spawned Sumerian legends. Pit F was extremely large and extremely deep. Woolley's intent was to reach the earliest occupation of the site. He chose an already low-lying zone neighboring the excavation area EH and laid out a trench 15x25 meters, though in the southern half he only dug 10 meters width, making the final pit L shaped. He truncated the horizontal extent further as he dug down to avoid collapse and he eventually reached a depth of some 19 meters from the surface of the mound. The top of the pit had already been denuded to the Early Dynastic levels and thus late material was typically not found here. From the surface, Woolley found eight levels of early building remains going deeper and deeper. Beneath this he found pottery kilns and a deep layer of over-fired pottery fragments indicating manufacture. Near the bottom of this stratum he began finding Uruk period graves (that he called Jemdat Nasr period graves). He labeled these not with numbers, but with letters in the sequence PFG/A through PFG/XX. Below this he encountered the flood layer with Ubaid period graves cut into it. Beneath the flood layer he found evidence of Ubaid habitation near sea level and what he believed to be indications of the early marshlands in which Ur had originally been a very low mound. |
Files
| Object | U Number | Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) | Museum Number (BM Registration Number) | Museum Number (UPM B-number) | Description (Catalog Card) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 15338 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay saucer. Plain: red ware. Made either by hand or on the slow wheel. Type TO. XV. |
| 15339 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay pedestal bowl. Red clay, drab surface (broken). Type CCCXVII. |
| 15341 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay pedestal bowl. Red clay with drab surface (broken). Type CCCXLVII. |
| 15342 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay pedestal. Light red ware with drab slip. Type CCCXLVII. Variant. =aU.24. |
| 15343 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. Light drab clay. Rim much chipped. Type CCCXLV. |
| 15344 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. Clay dead black in body, greenish drab on surface. (distorted in firing) Type CCCXLVI. |
| 15345 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. Creamy drab ware. Type CCCXLVI. |
| 15348A | (none) | 1930,1213.334 | (none) | Dried clay figurines. Animals (cattle) roughly hand-modeled. | |
| 15348D | (none) | 1935,0113.66 | (none) | Dried clay figurines. Animals (cattle) roughly hand-modeled. | |
| 15350 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. TO painted ware. Greenish drab body, black lines round rim & belly: broken but complete. Type CCCXLV. Presented from the London share to Mr. Reckitt, by order of the director. |
| 15351 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. TO ware. Greenish ground with black bands round rim & belly: broken but complete. Type CCCXLV. |
| 15352 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay cup. TO ware, painted, greenish ground, black bands round irm & belly, broken but complete. Type CCCXLV. |
| 15354B | (none) | 1935,0113.67 | (none) | Figurine. Fragment. Baked clay animal. Green clay with black bands. (A) Striped body, very long, of a tiger(?) head & forelegs missing. [1:2 drawing] (B) Hind quarters. [1:2 drawing] (C) Forepart of buffalo. [1:2 drawing] (D) Pig. [1:2 drawing] | |
| 15355 | (none) | 1935,0113.68 | (none) | Dried clay figurine. Most primitive type. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15357 | (none) | 1930,1213.150 | (none) | Beads: One steatite flattened oval; one ring-bead of green-blue jade(?) and a quantity of minute while shell rings found with a head in the mixed burial L. [drawing 1:1] |
| 15358 | (none) | 1930,1213.336 | (none) | Clay figurine. Fragment. [drawing 1:1] | |
| 15359 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay hollow cones. 2 types, probably of the same class. [drawing 1:5] |
| 15360 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Sling bolts. Clay (unbaked) pear-shaped. |
| 15361 | (none) | 1930,0012.13 | (none) | Stone palette. Red sandstone. A flat disk with slight worn depression in the centre of each side. |
| 15363 | (none) | 1930,1213.201 | (none) | Clay bowl. Handmade: rough light reddish-drab clay with black paint; a band round the rim & interior pendants, hemispherical. Type aU.20 [drawing] | |
| 15364 | (none) | 1930,0012.13, 1930,1213.290 | (none) | Clay goblet. Green clay. (flattened at the mouth in firing) Type CCCXLVIII. | |
| 15365 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Spouted clay bowl. Light red clay. The spout is bent out & shaped. Type CCCXLIX not in Cat. Vol. IV |
| 15366 | (none) | 1930,1213.206 | (none) | Clay plate. TO ware, greenish drab with black rimm Type CCCLXI | |
| 15367 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay pot. Painted TO ware. Much broken but complete (papered & pasted) Type CCCLX. =aU.32. |
| 15371 | (none) | (none) | (none) | Clay bowl. On ring base of TO ware: greenish drab clay with band of black paint round rim. The interior is deeply combed, pres. for the bruising of grain ( a piece missing) Much distorted in firing. Type CCCLXI. |
| Media | Media Title | Title | Label | Author | Omeka Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPM Field Photo numbers | UPM Field Photo numbers | (none) | (none) | (none) |
| Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods | 1955 | Woolley, L. | (none) |
- 2 Media
Sibling Locations
AH Site | AH - City Wall | CLW - DP - Dublalmah | LL - EH Site | EH - Ehursag | HT - EM Site | EM - Enunmah | TTB | ES - ESB - FH - Giparu | KP - Great Nanna Courtyard | PD - Harbor Temple - House 34/1 - House 34/2 - House Site - Kassite Fort - KPS Site | KPS - LT - LW - Mausoleum Site | BC - Neo-Babylonian Housing | NH - NNCF - NTB - P/103 - Palace of Bel-Shalti-Nannar | AD - Royal Cemetery | PG - SM - Temenos Wall | TW - TTC - XNCF - Ziggurat Terrace | ZT
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Context
Ur > Pit F
References
Woolley, L. . (1955) Ur Excavations IV; The Early Periods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.