Context Title: Enunmah | TTB | ES     
Context Name (Excavation): TTB; TTB.W; TTB.ES; TTB.SS; ES      
Context Name (Publication): E-nun-mah     
Context Description: That its foundation goes back behind the Third Dynasty of Ur is certain, for fragments of walls and pavements in pIano-convex brick (PI. 30a) prove the fact, but of the character of that original structure nothing can be said. Ur-Nammu was responsible for the temple in its existing form; he built it in mud brick, or at any rate made much use of that material, and his work was added to and probably completed by his son Dungi. Bur-Sin replaced with burnt brick the mud-brick walls of his grandfather and Gimil-Sin added further details. The temple was completely overthrown by the Elamites on the occasion of the downfall of Ibi-Sin and under the Isin Dynasty was rebuilt by Gimil-ilishu, who faithfully followed the lines of the Third Dynasty ground-plan. Ishme-Dagan, Nur-Adad, and Sin-idinnam all in turn undertook repairs of its structure and Kudur-Mabug seems to have done some more radical restoration, but his building was destroyed by the Babylonians in the time of Samsu-iluna. It was probably restored after a fashion not much later, but the first actual record of its re-establishment is that of Kuri-Galzu; the Kassite ruler still kept to the original plan, but added a few new features. His building was repaired, without any noticeable alterations, by Marduk-nadin-ahhe in the 11th century B.C. Nebuchadnezzar was the first to tamper seriously with the ancient ground-plan; his reconstruction involved a complete change of character corresponding to a change of ritual in the temple services, and in the temple as he left it the old E-nun-mah is barely recognisable. Nabonidus repaired but does not seem to have modified his predecessor's work. Finally we find, above the Nabonidus level, remains of a further reconstruction which we can attribute only to Cyrus of Persia.1     
Context Description: The building was an almost exact square measuring some 57.00 m. in either direction; its angles were, as usual, orientated to the cardinal points of the compass. It was surrounded by a wall 2.70 m. thick strengthened by double buttresses, of which there were five on each side, and the area thus enclosed was raised to form a platform about 2.00 m. above the level of the ground outside; this wall is fairly well preserved on the NE (v. Pis. 28b., 29b), has suffered a good deal, and is partly masked by subsequent additions in the SE (PI. 29a), could be traced only by its foundations on the SW, where the building has been remodelled, and on the NW it has been completely eradicated by a drain of Nebuchadnezzar. There is a doorway in the SE wall which, however, would seem to have led only into two small chambers having no communication with the rest of the building. In view of the denudation of the walls, which here do not rise above floor level, it is not possible to assert definitely that such communication never existed, but the facts that the wall between rooms 17 and 18 is whereas in almost every other case the doorways can be distinguished even at this level (rooms 8, 9, and 10 are the sole exceptions), and that no hinge-box or doorsocket stone was found here, make the theory of a door hazardous. Probably the real entrance to the building was in the NW front.1     
[1] UE6 p.45

Objects: Enunmah | TTB | ES Export: JSON - XML - CSV

Object U Number Museum Number (UPM Date Reg Number) Museum Number (BM Registration Number) Museum Number (UPM B-number) Description (Catalog Card)
141 (none) (none) (none) Cylinder seal. Dark steatite. Gilgamesh (?) and lion, sacred tree and another human figure. Poor work and much worn.
152 (none) (none) (none) String of beads. Red transluscent pebble, small barrels. 25 in all: found scattered and strung together.
153 (none) (none) (none) Beads. Minute, of rock crystal and white semi-hemispherical pebble, 15 in all [crossed out] of transparent white glass [crossed out] crystal and opaque glass paste, white. 7 beads go to 1cm.
154 (none) (none) (none) Dolerite stela. Fr of, shewing rounded top of stela and head of god wearing cap with horns. About 8th century BC [Annotated] Drawn FgN
155 (none) 1923,1110.183 (none) Beads, string of found loose in soil together and re-strung. Large yellow paste and light carnelian, 13 in all.
156 (none) (none) (none) Bronze tumbler. Upper part broken on one side, and rim distorted.
157 (none) (none) (none) Bronze situla (?) But seemingly solid, perhaps owing to oxidation only: with frs. of chain.
158 (none) (none) (none) Iron ingot (?). Barrel-shaped with flattened ends: much oxidized.
159 (none) 1923,1110.115 (none) Clay figurine of a sow. [drawing]
160 (none) (none) (none) Conoid seal. Black steatite on base. A roughly sketched design almost recognizable. [drawing 1:1]
161 (none) (none) (none) Clay cone. Tip of. Inscribed. Ur Engur period. [Annotated] Inscription of Ur-Engur dedicating the E-temen-ni-il to Nannar. Duplicate of cone found by Taylor. See SAKI p. 188, H. Duplicate of U.201. [Annotated] Placed in 1N/No.
162 (none) (none) (none) Bronze-knife-blade. Broken. [drawing 1:1]
163 (none) (none) (none) Duck weight. Carnelian. Type VI
164 (none) (none) (none) Tablet. Baked clay. Inscribed [Annotated] contract dated in reign of Ishme-Dagan. Year when I.D. the king set up a throne for Enlil (and) a shrine of gold weighing?. +7 shekels. (Same forumla as U.352)
165 (none) (none) (none) Tablet. Baked clay. Inscribed (corner chipped) [Annotated] account tablet dated in reign of Ishme-Dagan.
166 (none) (none) B15616 Tablet. Unbaked clay. Frs of Inscribed and with seal impressions.
167 (none) (none) (none) Cylinder seal. White Steatite [crossed out] crystalline marble, burnt: poor condition. Subject: seated god rt; before him an altar, then 2 standing figs l. and remains of column of inscription.
168 (none) (none) (none) Bone stylus (?) Broken into 3 pieces, and the point missing.
169 (none) (none) (none) Clay cone. Inscribed. [Annotated] Inscription of Ur-Engur recording his digging of a canal. Duplicates U. 202, U.526, U. 722, c.j.872 [Annotated] Placed in IN/No4
170 (none) (none) (none) Clay tablet. Unbaked. Inscribed. [Annotated] Account tablet. Dated. [Annotated] Placed in IN/No 2
171 (none) (none) (none) Clay tablet. Fr of. Inscribed: [Annotated] Account Tablet.
172 (none) (none) (none) Clay figurine. Horse and rider (head of man and one leg of horse missing) Usual Snowman technique.
17208 (none) (none) (none) Brick. Sin-batatsu-iqbi; rebuilding of the ziggurat, E-lugal-galga-sisa. (Ur insc. 168. The new example confirms the restorations in LL.3,4, and 8)
173 (none) (none) (none) Vase: Lid. frs of;. Dark grary steatite. About 1/3rd preserved(in 2 pieces) decorated with incised double concentric circles dot centered.
174 (none) (none) (none) Cylinder seal. Dark steatite. Very poorly engraved. [drawing]

Media: Enunmah | TTB | ES Export: JSON - XML - CSV

Media Media Title Title Label Author Omeka Label
Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period 1974 Woolley, Leonard (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0003 GN0003 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0004 GN0004 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0004a GN0004a (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0005 GN0005 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0006 GN0006 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0007 GN0007 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0008 GN0008 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0009 GN0009 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0010 GN0010 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0011 GN0011 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0012 GN0012 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0013 GN0013 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0014 GN0014 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0015 GN0015 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0018 GN0018 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0019 GN0019 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0020 GN0020 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0021 GN0021 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0026 GN0026 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0028 GN0028 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0029 GN0029 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0030 GN0030 (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0030A GN0030A (none)
Field Photographs Field Photographs GN0031 GN0031 (none)
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References

Woolley, Leonard. (1974) Ur Excavations VI; The Ur III Period, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Woolley, L. and Mallowan, Max. (1962) Ur Excavations IX; The Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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