8234

Conservation:	2007. University Museum Near East Section Ur Metals Conservation Treatment Project. IMLS Grant.
Conservation:	Possibly electrolytic reduction treatment

Description (Catalog Card):	Copper spearhead or butt? Long rod rectangular in section, the tang slightly smaller in diameter, the shaft tapering to a stout point. [type] VI.¹
Description (Archival):	CBS Register: Season V. "8231 or (8234)" with the former crossed out and the latter underlined. Copper spear head with square section.
Find Context (Catalog Card):	TTE PG 187
Material (Catalog Card):	Copper Alloy²
Measurement (Catalog Card):	L 0325 greatest width 0016

U Number:	8234
Museum:	University of Pennsylvania Museum
Object Type:	Armor and Weaponry >> Spears and Lances >> Spearheads/Lanceheads
Season Number:	05: 1926-1927
Description (Modern):	Copper Spear head. Type 1, poker type. Square in section tapered to a point. Haft is square in section, tapered to an edge.
Material:	Inorganic Remains >> Metal >> Copper Alloy
Museum Number (UPM B-number):	B16962
Measurement (X):	313
Measurement (X):	70 haft
Measurement (Y):	14
Measurement (Y):	9 haft
Measurement (Z):	13
Measurement (Z):	9 haft
Notes:	Found with card that reads: Copper Spearhead Ur The beginning of copperwork in Mesopotamia is about 4100 B.C. At first to shape an object the cold metal was hammered. Later on the metal was heated and then hammered into shape. Natural copper ore was soon used up; from then on copper compounds were imported. These were melted by heating with charcoal in order to remove the impurities. By 2500 B.C. copperwork in Mesopotamia had advanced to the pouring of the melted copper into many piece molds. This copper spearhead once fitted into a wood handle. Typical copper objects produced in Mesopotamia were pins, awls, projectile points, celts, axes, saws, daggers with riveted handles, socketed spears, and arrowhead.